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Defense of Brest Fortress Museum (Brest)

The Brest Hero-Fortress Memorial Complex, Brest, tel.: 8 (0162) 20-03-65, 20-00-12.

Map

The Museum of the Defense of Brest Fortress was opened on 8 November 1956, in the surviving part of the defensive barrack in the central fortification of the Fortress, the Citadel. Captain A. A. Krupennikov was appointed to manage the Museum.

The Museum was based on an earlier museum room that was opened on 23 February 1956 on the ground floor of the barracks belonging to the field engineer battalion of the 128th infantry corps. Previous to that, a room dedicated to the Glory of War was located here where excavation items and documents on the defense of the Fortress were kept.

On 3 June 1958, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belorussia and the Cabinet Council of the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic adopted a resolution entitled "On the Museum of the Defense of Brest Fortress" which entrusted the Main Department for Architecture, under the auspices of the Cabinet Council of the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, with the responsibility of developing a general layout for equipping the territory of the Brest Fortress with museum facilities.

In 1959, the Museum was admitted to the International Association of Museums of Arms and Military History.

The Museum of the Defense of Brest Fortress has been included on the route of the "Intourist" travel agency, an All-Union Association of the former USSR, since 1963.

The Memorial stores many documents, unique excavation items, personal belongings and photographs taken by the defenders of the Fortress (about 80 thousand). A selection of these items is exhibited in the Museum.

The Museum's main exhibition is on the first floor and is spread over ten rooms that in turn progressively tell the history of the Fortress through the decades.

The exhibitions in the ten rooms are thematically arranged according to a plan developed by the research associates of the Museum.

The first room depicts the history of the construction of Brest Fortress in the middle of the 19th century and the modernization of its fortifications that took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Visitors can see a scale model of the Fortress built according to the 1870 drawings. Materials about the life and activities of D. M. Karbishev and other military engineers that participated in the construction and modernization of the Fortress forts from 1911 to 1914 are also kept in this room. Documents on the First World War and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed in the White Palace on 3 March 1918 are also exhibited here.

In the second room visitors can learn about the Polish period in the history of the Fortress and its defense in September 1939.

The third room presents documents relating to the pre-war life of the Brest garrison and the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War.

The fourth and the fifth rooms continue with the history of the initial stage of the Great Patriotic War and battles around Brest and inside the city.

The main subject of the exhibitions is the heroic defense of Brest Fortress with the battles in the Terespol and Volhynia fortifications, and the defense of the Kobrin Fortification. The defense of the Citadel is exhibited in the sixth and seventh rooms of the Museum.

The excavated exhibit items are of particular interest and include the banner of the 393rd Independent Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion, bricks with the inscription "Dying without disgrace" found in the basements of the White Palace in October of 1958, and the name tags of fallen soldiers. Personal items belonging to fallen soldiers, letters, and photographs kept by their relatives with much care are among the Museum exhibits. The exhibition features many works of art that realistically represent the days of the heroic defense of the Fortress.

In the eighth room the fates of the defenders of the Fortress who went on to fight later in the front lines and participated in the guerilla movement and the Liberation of Belorussia, including the Lublin-Brest Offensive, are portrayed.

Photographs, documents and personal items belonging to the defenders of Brest and the Fortress in June 1941 who took part in the Resistance Movement and the Liberation of the European and Asian countries are to be found in the ninth room. A copy of the Victory Banner is also kept here that was presented to the Brest Hero-Fortress Memorial Complex on the 22nd June 1996 by Boris Yeltsin, the President of Russia.

The tenth room is dedicated to the life and activities of the writer Sergey Sergeyevich Smirnov who we are indebted to for the discovery of the fortress heroes. On 28th May 1964, the writer Sergey Smirnov donated his entire archive that he had been accumulating for ten years to the Museum. His books on Brest Fortress have been published more than 60 times in 19 USSR languages and 10 other world languages. This room also depicts how the Brest Fortress and the heroism of its defenders are reflected in works of literature and art as well as the current life of the Memorial.

Temporary exhibitions are held on the ground and first floors of the Museum and these exhibitions are always associated thematically with the main subject of the Museum. There are also exhibitions covering new topics with the prospect of these separate exhibition groups being included in the Museum's permanent exhibitions in the future.

For jubilees and important anniversaries special one-off exhibitions are organized that give the Museum the chance to showcase its collections more fully and respond swiftly to the events that are most important for both the Museum and the country.

Mobile exhibitions are also very important for allowing an even wider audience to learn about the Museum's main subjects.

Since 1956, the rooms of the Museum have welcomed more than 20 million visitors from over 130 countries.

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Defense of Brest Fortress Museum



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